Monday, August 11, 2008 { 6:38 PM }

2B! Tmr's offically the first day of CA2 already . Maths first , then Science .
Reminder from Ophe :



Please, remember to bring your graph paper, calculater, curve ruler. You are not allowed to borrow anything during the exams.
Here are some notes aye , in case any of you didn't listen or copy notes in class {:



Bio notes Chapters 13,14,15
Chapter 13:Ecology

-Habitat: Natural home of an organism where it lives and reproduce.
-Population: Number of 1 type of organisms in the same habitat.
-Community: Different populations of organisms living and interacting in the same environment.
-Ecology: Study of organisms' interaction and its environment.
-Ecosystem: Different communities interacting with one another (E.g. Earth)


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Conservation
[*Important to know all these and remember to elaborate ; although i'm not too sure if it will be tested]
-What?: The preservation and careful management of the environment and of our natural resources
-Why?: Damage/Destruction to environment will cause harm and lead to extinction of organisms.
-How?: By Individual (E.g. Recycling), Organisations , and Government.


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Environment
Physical Factors
Light, Tempreture, Water, Minerals, Air, pH value.

Biotic Factors
-Prey-predator relationship: One eats the other, EATING OF DEAD ORGANISMS IS NOT P-P RELATIONSHIP . (E.g. Lion & Rabbit)
-Mutualism: Both benefits. (E.g. Clownfish & Sea Anemone , Girrafe & Oxpecker)
-Parasitism: One harms the other, consists of host and parasite. (E.g. Leech & Human , Tapeworm & Human)


Chapter 14:Energy transfer in the Ecosystem

Food chains


Right click to save the pictures.


-One organism in the food chain represents a trophic level. So the diagram shows 3-trophic levels.
-Food chains shows relationships and energy transfer between organisms in a community.
-90% of energy is lost during each trophic level.
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Food webs
Right click to save the pictures (PS: I know i didn't do it well okay -.-)
-Energy is lost in the form of
Heat
Sound
Undigested waste products
Kinetic (Only for Animals)
Chemical (Only for Animals)

-The longer the food chain , he less energy for the last consumer.

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Pyramids
*P/S , dunno how to do pictures of pyramids , but , you get the idea : It has to have a /\ type of shape {:
-Pyramid of Biomass is more accurate than the pyramid of Numbers.

Chapter 15: Nutrient cycles in the Ecosystem
*The 2 ugliest cycles you will ever see*

Right click to save the pictures.




Things to know for this chapter .
1. Decomposers : Break down dead substances into simple , recyclable* substances(nutrients).
They can only break down soft tissues like skin , muscle.
Some decomposers are Bacteria , Fungi , Scavangers (E.g. Ants, vulture, gyenas)
2. Carbon cycle: Circulation of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds in the environment. (This defination was taken from the textbook. I forgot the shorter one that Miss Wong told us, so if you have her defination, its okay. Same goes for the Nitrogen cycle one.)
3. Nitrogen Cycle: Circulation of nitrogen in the form of nitrates and other nitrogen compounds in the environment .


THAT IS ALL .
YIJING WISHES 2B ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR CA's!
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